9 Feb 2020

동상의 개요와 원인, Frostbite Overview and causes of Frostbite

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동상의 개요와 원인, Frostbite Overview and causes of Frostbite

  • 손가락, 발가락, 코, 귓바퀴, 얼굴 등 신체의 일부분이나 전신이 심한 한랭 공기나 아주 찬 물체에 노출될 때 노출된 신체의 일부분이나 신체의 여러 계통의 기관, 조직이 손상되는 외상을 동상이라 한다.
  • 동상 입은 신체의 부위의 혈관이 비정상적으로 수축되고 혈액 순환 장애가 생길 수 있다.
  • 특히 영유아들은 학령기 아이들이나 사춘기 아이들, 성인들에 비해 유약하고 사리판단을 잘 할 수 없어 동상에 더 쉽게 걸릴 수 있다.
  • 영유아들은 신체의 일부에 동상을 입어도 자신에게 동상이 생기는지 잘 분간 할 수 없다. 그래서 더 심한 동상에 걸릴 수 있다.
  • 추운 겨울에 얼음 물 속에 빠지거나 등산 갔다가 폭설과 한랭에 노출되거나 추운 일기에 적절히 대처하지 않고 스키 등 동기 스포츠를 하다가 동상을 입을 수 있다.
  • 찬 한랭 기온이나 물체에 노출될 때 습도, 한랭 바람의 정도, 한랭 온도, 찬 공기에 노출된 기간, 옷을 얼마나 적절히 입었는지, 운동 상태 등에 따라 동상의 정도가 다를 수 있다.
  • 손발 등 신체의 일부가 동상을 입었을 때 손발의 조직과 혈관이 손상될 수 있다.
  • 동상의 정도에 따라 혈관이 수축되고, 혈관 속 피가 응고되어 혈관 속에 혈전이 생기고, 혈전으로 혈관 속 혈류가 차단되고 동상이 생긴 신체 부위의 혈액순환 장애가 생길 수 있다.
  • 이때 손상된 혈관을 통해 피를 공급 받는 말단 기관과 조직이 손상될 수 있고, 동상이 심할 때는 동상 입은 조직이 괴사될 수 있다. Copyright ⓒ 2014 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

Overview and causes of frostbite

  • Frostbite is a trauma in which parts of the body such as fingers, toes, nose, auricles, face, etc., or parts of the body exposed when the whole body is exposed to severe cold air or very cold objects, damages various organs and tissues of the body.
  • Blood vessels in areas of the body that are frostbite may contract abnormally and blood circulation may be impaired.
  • In particular, infants and toddlers are more susceptible to frostbite than school-age children, adolescents, and adults because they are weaker and can’t make good judgments about self-satisfaction.
  •  Even if infants and toddlers wear frostbite on a part of their body, they can’t tell if they’re getting frostbite.
  • So they can get more severe frostbite.
  • You may get frostbite while falling in icy water in the cold winter, going for a mountain climbing and then being exposed to heavy snow and cold, or playing synchronous sports such as skiing without adequately coping with the cold weather.
  • The degree of frostbite may vary depending on the humidity, the degree of cold wind when exposed to cold or cold air, the cold temperature, the period of exposure to cold air, how properly dressed, and exercise conditions.
  • When parts of the body such as limbs are frostbite, the tissues and blood vessels of the limbs can be damaged.
  • Depending on the degree of frostbite, blood vessels are constricted, blood clots in blood vessels are formed in blood vessels, blood flow in blood vessels is blocked by blood clots, and blood circulation disorders in areas of the body where frostbite is formed can occur.
  • At this time, terminal organs and tissues supplied with blood through damaged blood vessels may be damaged, and when frostbite is severe, the frostbite tissue may be necrotic.

 

출처 및 참조 문헌 Sources and references

  • NelsonTextbook of Pediatrics 22ND Ed
  • The Harriet Lane Handbook 22ND Ed
  • Growth and development of the children
  • Red Book 32nd Ed 2021-2024
  • Neonatal Resuscitation, American Academy Pediatrics
    • Contemporary pediatrics 4 2011
    • Siegel MJ, ed. Pediatric Sonography 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011
    • Fox JC et al. Prospective evaluation of emergency physician performed bedside ultrasound to detect acute appendicitis. Eur J Emerg Med 2008; 15(2): 80-85 60
    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jason.levy@childrens.harvard.edu.
    • Emergency Medical Service for Children, By Ross Lab. May 1989. p.10
    •  Emergency care, Harvey grant, and Robert murray• Emergency Care Transportation of Sick and Injured American  Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    •  Emergency Pediatrics A Guide to Ambulatory Care, Roger M. Barkin, Peter Rosen
    •  Quick Reference To Pediatric Emergencies, Delmer J. Pascoe, M.D., Moses Grossman, M.D. with 26 contributors
    • Manual of Emergency Care 응급환자관리 정담미디어
    • 소아가정간호백과-부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다, 이상원 저
    • The pregnancy Bible. By Joan stone, MD. Keith Eddleman, MD
    • Preparation for Birth. Beverly Savage and Dianna Smith
    • 임신에서 신생아 돌보기까지.  이상원
    • Breastfeeding. by Ruth Lawrence and Robert Lawrence
    • Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 14th ed. Beherman,
    • The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Harriet Lane Handbook, 18th edition
    • Red book 29th edition-31st 2021
    • Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics 19th-21st Edition
    • Infectious disease of children, Saul Krugman, Samuel L Katz, Ann A. Gershon, Catherine Wilfert
    • The Harriet Lane Handbook 19th Edition
    • Growth and Development of Children, George H. Lowrey 8th edition
    • 소아과학 대한교과서
    • 제1권 소아청소년 응급의료 참조문헌과 출처
    • Other 

Copyright ⓒ 2014 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

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“The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your doctor. There may be variations in treatment that your doctor may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

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